Update on Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Nada Fadul, Dora Lebron, Hunter Starr

Abstract


New Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections have been slowly declining in the United States. This decline is partially attributed to the availability and uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) which has proven to be effective in preventing HIV transmission in high-risk individuals including gay and bisexual men, heterosexual men and women and people who inject drugs. However, the uptake of PrEP has not been as high in certain minority populations and there are significant challenges to the wide dissemination of this intervention. The status, as well as promising future directions of PrEP,  will be discussed in this article.


Keywords


PrEP, HIV, Prevention

Full Text:

 Subscribers Only

References


CDC HIV Factsheet: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/factsheets/index.html accessed 4/23/2018

https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2016/croi-press-release-risk.html accessed April 23, 2018

Smith DK, Mendoza MC, Stryker JE, Rose CE. PrEP Awareness and Attitudes in a National Survey of Primary Care Clinicians in the United States, 2009-2015. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 3;11(6)

HIV prevention pill not reaching most Americans who could benefit – especially people of color Press Release https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/croi-2018-PrEP-press-release.html

Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al: iPrEx Study Team. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363(27): 2587-2599.

Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, et al: Partners PrEP Study Team. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Eng J Med. 2012:367(5): 399-410.

Thigpen MC, Kebaabetswe PM, Paxton LA, et al TDF2 Study Group. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2012 Aug 2;367(5):423-34.

Choopanya K, Martin M, et al; Bangkok Tenofovir Study Group. Antiretroviral Prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013; 381 (9883): 2083-2090.

Patterson KB, Prince HA, Kraft E, et al. Penetration of tenofovir and emtricitabine in mucosal tissues: implications for prevention of HIV-1 transmission. Science Translational Medicine 07 Dec 2011: Vol. 3, Issue 112, pp. 112re4.

Marcus JL, Hurley LB, Hare CB, et al. Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in a Large Integrated Health Care System: Adherence, Renal Safety, and Discontinuation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Dec 15; 73(5): 540–546.

Marrazzo JM, Ramjee R, Richardson BA, et al. Tenofovir-Based Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection among African Women. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 5; 372(6): 509–518

Damme LV, Corneli A, Ahmed K, et al. Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection among African Women. N Engl J Med. 2012 Aug 2; 367(5): 411–422

Molina, JM, Capitant C, Spire B, et al. On-Demand Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men at High Risk for HIV-1 Infection. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:2237-2246.

McCormack S, Dunn DT, Desai M, et al. Pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection (PROUD): effectiveness results from the pilot phase of a pragmatic open-label randomized trial. Lancet 2016; 387: 53–60.

Gengiah TN, Moosa A, Naidoo A, Mansoor LE. Adherence challenges with drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV infection. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 2014;2013;36:70-85.

Parker S, Chan PA, Oldenburg CE, et al. Patient Experiences of Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Infection. AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 2015;29:639-642.

Cáceres CF, Koechlin F, Goicochea P, et al. The promises and challenges of pre‐exposure prophylaxis as part of the emerging paradigm of combination HIV prevention. Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2015;18:1-n/a.

Brooks RA, Allen VC, Regan R, Mutchler MG, Cervantes-Tadeo R, Lee S-J. HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs and intention to adopt preexposure prophylaxis among black men who have sex with men in Los Angeles. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(4):375-381. doi:10.1177/0956462417727691

Young I, McDaid L. How Acceptable are Antiretrovirals for the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted HIV?: A Review of Research on the Acceptability of Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Treatment as Prevention. AIDS and Behavior. 2014;18:195.

Calabrese SK, Magnus M, Mayer KH, et al. Putting PrEP into Practice: Lessons Learned from Early-Adopting U.S. Providers' Firsthand Experiences Providing HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Associated Care. PloS one. 2016;11:e0157324.

Nel A, B Ch, Niekerk NV, et al. Safety and Efficacy of a Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for HIV Prevention in Women. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:2133-2143.

Baeten JM, Phalanee-Phillips T, Brown ER, et al. Use of a Vaginal Ring Containing Dapivirine for HIV-1 Prevention in Women. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:2121-2132

Nyaku AN, Kelly S, Taiwo BO. Long-Acting Antiretrovirals: Where Are We Now? Curr HIV/AIDS Rep (2017) 14:63–71.

Mundhra DB, Pan R. Pharmaceutical Compositions. Google Patents; 2013.

Spreen W, Min S, Ford SL, Chen S, Lou Y, Bomar M, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and monotherapy antiviral activity of GSK1265744, an HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor. HIV Clin Trials. 2013;14(5):192–203.

Jackson AG, Else LJ, Mesquita PM, Egan D, Back DJ, Karolia Z, et al. A compartmental pharmacokinetic evaluation of long-acting rilpivirine in HIV negative volunteers for pre-exposure prophylaxis. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014;96(3):314–23.

Pegu A, Hessell AJ, Mascola JR, et al. Use of broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV-1 prevention. Immunol Rev. 2017 Jan; 275(1): 296–312.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/imr.v4i6.731

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright 2016. All rights reserved.