HLA-E restricted monoclonal antibodies: Therapeutic potential as a double-edged sword against tumor progression
Abstract
HLA-E is overexpressed in tumor tissues and shed into the circulation. Two alleles (HLA-E*01:01 and HLA-E*03:01) are common among different ethnic groups. They interact with inhibitory receptors (NKG2 and CD94) present on NK cells and subsets of cytotoxic T cells (CTL), and inhibit their cytotoxic capabilities. The beneficial impact of CTL tumor infiltration is neutralized in the cancer patients with strong HLA-E expression. When HLA-E expression is low the tumor CTL infiltration is associated with better survival. Immunotherapies to mask HLA-E on tumor cell surface with HLA-E restricted (monospecific) mAbs would be beneficial. Commercial anti-HLA-E mAbs (e.g. MEM-E/02 and 3D12) are not specific for HLA-E for they cross-react with HLA-I antigens. There is a need to document monospecificity of anti-HLA-E mAbs by examining their affinity to HLA-Ia alleles and by inhibition of their binding to HLA-E with HLA-E restricted peptide sequence(s) that also contains CD94 and NKG2a binding sites. Possibly, HLA-E restricted mAbs (e.g. TFL-033/-034/-73/-74/-145) together with a polyreactive mAb (e.g. MEM-E/02, TFL-006/-007)) can be used to distinguish the phenotypic expressions of HLA-E during tumor progression. The incidence and intensity of HLA-E-restricted staining in the early stages, in poorly or non-differentiated and non-nodal lesions and in diffuse gastric carcinoma is much greater than that of polyreactive anti-HLA-E mAbs. MEM-E/02 failed to stain diffuse carcinoma consistently while TFL-033 showed strong reactivity. Interestingly, HLA-E restricted mAbs are also trigger the proliferation of non-activated and activated CTLs. Therefore, the monospecific anti-HLA-E mAb can serve as a double-edged sword to fight cancer. They have potential to bind to HLA-E restricted epitopes recognized by CD94 and NKG2A and block their interaction with HLA-E to restore the cytotoxic capabilities of NK cells and CTLs. In addition, the HLA-E restricted mAbs can simultaneously induce proliferation of both activated and unactivated CD8+ cytotoxic T cells.
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Ravindranath, MH., Terasaki, PI, Kawakita, S. 2013 Naturally occurring Anti-HLA-E Autoantibodies: Evidences for HLA-Ia reactivity of anti-HLA-E Antibodies Chapter 35, “The Autoantibodies” Eds: Drs. Shoenfeld, Gershwin and Meroni, eBook ISBN: 9780444593771, Hardcover ISBN: 9780444563781.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/imr.v3i12.627
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