The more things change, the more they stay the same

Abstract

Since outlining the development of surgical and clinical training on models and simulators between 1990 and 2008, much has changed. Patients continue to need skilled professional treatment. The trainee needs to learn how to manage the patient, master the equipment, and become proficient in the required techniques. In designing the optimum opportunity for training, technology has offered a wider choice of simulation solutions. This paper focuses on the needs of the patient, and the scope of new and established technologies, which are enriching the training process.