Functional lacrimal gland regeneration toward a next-generation organ replacement therapy
Abstract
The lacrimal glands secret tear fluids, and maintain a homeostatic environment of healthy ocular surfaces. Dysfunction of the lacrimal glands causes the dry eye disease with tear shortage, which is one of prevalent eye diseases resulting in ocular discomfort, significant visual disturbances, and a reduced quality of life. Secretory gland structure of the lacrimal gland consists of acini, ducts and myoepithelial cells. It occurs from the lacrimal gland germ through reciprocal epithelial–mesenchymal interactions during ontogenesis. Strategies to restore the lacrimal gland function by regenerative medicine have expanded recently. Cell injection therapy using lacrimal tissue stem cells has been developed by establishing animal models that can induce partial damage in the lacrimal glands. Fully functional organ replacement using a bioengineered lacrimal gland has also been developed through a newly proposed three-dimensional stem cell manipulation, the organ germ Method. Currently, it has demonstrated an innovative concept to induce lacrimal gland cells from human pluripotent stem cells by a direct cell conversion procedure using artificial mRNAs based on our understanding of genetic-engineering biology. This study represented a significant advance in potential lacrimal gland organ regeneration from human pluripotent stem cells as a next regenerative therapy for dry eye disease. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in lacrimal gland regeneration research and the development of bioengineered lacrimal gland organ regenerative medicine.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/imr.v3i8.501
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