Review Article: BK virus in non-transplant patients
Abstract
BK virus (BKV) is a ubiquitous polyoma virus that has more than 60% sero-prevalence in the general population. It is acquired in childhood by an unknown method of transmission; however, once acquired, it has tropism for the genitourinary tract system and may lead to BK virus nephropathy. BK viruria and/or viremia can be benign or pathologic, with reactivation occurring more commonly in patients with cellular immunodeficiency, most notably transplanted or immunocompromised patients. With disruption of the cellular immune function, BK viruria and/or viremia can go unchecked and progress into renal dysfunction with end stage renal disease. In addition to the renal involvement, multi-organ dysfunction involving the salivary glands, lymph nodes, brain, lungs and eyes may ensue. Hence, to avoid BKV related complications, it is important to identify populations that may be at risk for BKV viruria/viremia in order to properly diagnose and treat these high risk patients. This review primarily highlights the pathogenesis of BKV infection, diagnosis, clinical features and principles of treatment of BKV in non-transplant patients.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/imr.v3i6.477
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