Brain PET in the Evaluation of Cognitive Function and Dysfunction
Abstract
During the past four decades, three dimensional neuroimaging tools have played a prominent role in both the study of normal cognitive processes and the evaluation of disorders affecting cognitive function. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is capable of detecting biochemical changes in the human brain at early stages of disease, often years prior to detectable structural changes or clinical expression of symptoms. [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most commonly imaged radiopharmaceutical in clinical PET studies. Several others are available, especially for use in patients with known or suspected neurodegenerative disease. Recently, the “Default Mode Network” has attracted substantial attention from investigators interested in normal and abnormal neuropsychology, and has been especially amenable to study through analysis of regional covariations of activities measurable with functional Magnetic Resonance (MR) or PET imaging. PET is particularly useful in illuminating neurodegenerative processes occurring in Alzheimer’s Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, Primary Progressive Aphasia, Parkinson’s Disease, and other causes of cognitive and/or central motor decline. It can also be helpful in evaluation of patients with rarer conditions such as paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, limbic encephalitis, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and prion-based diseases.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/imr.v3i6.466
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