TRANSRECTAL HIGH INTENSIVE FOCUSED ULTRASOUND (HIFU) FOR THE TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER: A HISTORICAL REVIEW
Abstract
Prostate cancer is diagnosed 10 years earlier and men live almost 4 years longer than 30 years ago. This means that the therapeutic necessity is more than double the time than it was then. These changing trends in age and extent of malignancy at diagnosis have revealed limitations in conventional curative therapies for prostate cancer, including a significant risk of cancer recurrence, and the risk of long-term genitourinary morbidity and its detrimental impact on patient quality of life (QOL). Greater awareness of the limitations in radical prostatectomy, external radiotherapy and brachytherapy have prompted the search for alternative curative therapies that offer comparable rates of cancer control and less treatment-related morbidity to better preserve QOL. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) possesses characteristics that make it an attractive curative therapy option. HIFU is a non-invasive approach that uses precisely delivered ultrasound energy to achieve prostate tissue necrosis without radiation or surgical excision. In current urological oncology, HIFU is used clinically in the treatment of prostate cancer, and is under experimental investigation for therapeutic use in multiple malignancies. Clinical research on HIFU therapy for localized prostate cancer began in the 1990s, and there have now been approximately 40,000 prostate cancer patients treated with HIFU. Neoadjuvant transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been combined with HIFU since 2000 to reduce prostate size, facilitate tissue destruction, and to minimize side effects. Advances in imaging technologies are expected to further improve the already superior efficacy and morbidity outcomes, and ongoing investigation of HIFU as a focal therapy in salvage and palliative indications are serving to expand the role of HIFU as a highly versatile non-invasive therapy for prostate cancer.
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ISBN 978-3-319-14160-2
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/imr.v3i4.442
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