A Review of Scald Burn Injuries
Abstract
Burn injuries are common and sometimes serious injuries that afflict persons of all ages, gender, socio-economic classes, and geography. Much effort has been placed into burn reduction campaigns and education. Nevertheless, there are very few studies that clearly connect liquid scald temperatures with burn depth. Here, a review of literature, presentation of recent experiments and description of calculations are provided. From this review, tools are presented that serve three purposes. First, data on cooling rates of various beverage sizes and compositions are reviewed. This information enables a determination of the temperature of a beverage at the time of a spill, provided the service temperature is known. Second, the results provide the prediction of burn depths for various spill temperatures with a focus on the temperatures that are required for burns to reach the mid-dermal region. Finally, the results are presented in easy-to-use graphs and tables so that it is possible to find what circumstances make severe burns likely. These data allow beverage service companies, parents and guardians, burn education organizations, and others to reduce the likelihood that severe burns will occur.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/imr.v3i3.372
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