Public Mental Health Services Systems for Young Adults: How Can Care Continue?
Abstract
Our public sector mental health care system in the United States involves offering and continuing services for young adults. This essay addresses the systems of care for young adults, starting with the logics of care and recovery within our public mental health systems. Our systems and logics can and should promote continuity of care, preventing interruptions and discontinuities in service. Linked youth and adult systems help address the larger and significant problem of unmet need for mental health care. Our systems and policies should continue to encourage and provide mental health care for young adults. Concurrent logics of prevention, treatment, recovery, and rehabilitation and care guide scholarship and health care.
Keywords
Full Text:
Subscribers OnlyReferences
Grant JE, Potenza MN. Young adult mental health. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.
Settersten RA, Furstenberg FF, Rumbaut RG. On the frontier of adulthood: theory, research, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2005.
Osgood DW, Ruth G, Eccles J, Jacogs J, Barber B. Six Paths to Adulthood. In: Settersten RA, Furstenberg FF, Rumbaut RG, eds. On the frontier of adulthood: theory, research, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2005:3-25.
Mouw T. Sequences of early adult transitions. In: Settersten RA, Furstenberg FF, Rumbaut RG, eds. On the frontier of adulthood: theory, research, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2005:256-91.
Schulenberg J, O'Malley P, Bachman J, Johnston L. Early adult transitions and their relation to well-being and substance use. In: Settersten RA, Furstenberg FF, Rumbaut RG, eds. On the frontier of adulthood: theory, research, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2005:417-54.
Mulye TP, Park MJ, Nelson CD, Adams SH, Irwin CE, Brindis CD. Trends in Adolescent and Young Adult Health in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health 2009;45:8-24.
Park MJ, Paul Mulye T, Adams SH, Brindis CD, Irwin CE. The Health Status of Young Adults in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health 2006;39:305-17.
Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of general psychiatry 2005;62:593-602.
Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, et al. Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. Archives of general psychiatry 2012;69:372-80.
Kessler RC, Demler O, Frank R, et al. Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders, 1990 to 2003. New England Journal of Medicine 2005;352:2515-23.
Mason MJ, Keyser-Marcus L, Snipes D, Benotsch E, Sood B. Perceived mental health treatment need and substance use correlates among young adults. Psychiatric services (Washington, DC) 2013;64:871-7.
Olfson M, Mojtabai R, Sampson NA, et al. Dropout from outpatient mental health care in the United States. Psychiatric services (Washington, DC) 2009;60:898-907.
Wang PS, Lane M, Olfson M, Pincus HA, Wells KB, Kessler RC. Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of general psychiatry 2005;62:629-40.
Foster EM, Gifford EJ. The transition to adulthood for youth leaving public systems. In: Settersten RA, Furstenberg FF, Rumbaut RG, eds. On the frontier of adulthood: theory, research, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2005:501-33.
Stiffman AR, Pescosolido B, Cabassa LJ. Building a Model to Understand Youth Service Access: The Gateway Provider Model. Mental Health Services Research 2004;6:189-98.
McLeod JD, Uemura R, Rohrman S. Adolescent mental health, behavior problems, and academic achievement. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2012;53:482-97.
Perry BL, Pescosolido BA. Social Network Dynamics and Biographical Disruption: The Case of “First-Timers” with Mental Illness. The American Journal of Sociology 2012;118:134-75.
Thorsen ML, Pearce-Morris J. Adolescent Mental Health and Dating in Young Adulthood. Society and Mental Health 2016;6:223-45.
Rowan K, McAlpine DD, Blewett LA. Access and cost barriers to mental health care, by insurance status, 1999-2010. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2013;32:1723-30.
Davis M, Koroloff N, Johnsen M. Social network analysis of child and adult interorganizational connections. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal 2012;35:265-72.
Davis M, Green M, Hoffman C. The service system obstacle course for transition-age youth and young adults. In: Clark HB, Unruh D, eds. Transition of youth and young adults with emotional or behavioral difficulties: An evidence based handbook Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes, Co; 2009:25–46.
Colen CG. Addressing Racial Disparities in Health Using Life Course Perspectives: Toward a Constructive Criticism. Du Bois Review - Social Science Research on Race 2011;8:79-94.
Elster A, Jarosik J, VanGeest J, Fleming M. Racial and ethnic disparities in health care for adolescents: a systematic review of the literature. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 2003;157:867-74.
Williams DR. Miles to Go before We Sleep: Racial Inequities in Health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2012;53:279-95.
Williams DR, Mohammed SA. Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2009;32:20-47.
Lee B. Ethnicity, mental health, and public policy. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2008;27:1485-.
McGuire TG, Miranda J. New Evidence Regarding Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Mental Health: Policy Implications. Health Affairs 2008;27:393-403.
Armitage GD, Suter E, Oelke ND, Adair CE. Health systems integration: state of the evidence. International journal of integrated care 2009;9:e82.
Collins SR, Robertson R, Garber T, Doty MM. Young, Uninsured, and in Debt: Why Young Adults Lack Health Insurance and How the Affordable Care Act Is Helping: Findings from the Commonwealth Fund Health Insurance Tracking Survey of Young Adults, 2011: Commonwealth Fund; 2012.
Davis M, Abrams MT, Wissow LS, Slade EP. Identifying young adults at risk of Medicaid enrollment lapses after inpatient mental health treatment. Psychiatric services (Washington, DC) 2014;65:461-8.
Slade EP, Wissow LS, Davis M, Abrams MT, Dixon LB. Medicaid lapses and low-income young adults' receipt of outpatient mental health care after an inpatient stay. Psychiatric services (Washington, DC) 2014;65:454-60.
Blum AB, Kleinman LC, Starfield B, Ross JS. Impact of state laws that extend eligibility for parents' health insurance coverage to young adults. Pediatrics 2012;129:426-32.
Carlson DL, Lennox Kail B, Lynch JL, Dreher M. The Affordable Care Act, Dependent Health Insurance Coverage, and Young Adults' Health. Sociological Inquiry 2014;84:191-209.
Sommers BD, Buchmueller T, Decker SL, Carey C, Kronick R. The Affordable Care Act has led to significant gains in health insurance and access to care for young adults. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2013;32:165-74.
Mechanic D. Seizing opportunities under the Affordable Care Act for transforming the mental and behavioral health system. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2012;31:376-82.
Merikangas KR, Olfson M, He J-p, et al. Service Utilization for Lifetime Mental Disorders in U.S. Adolescents: Results of the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2011;50:32-45.
Cuffe SP, Waller JL, Addy CL, et al. A longitudinal study of adolescent mental health service use. J Behav Health Serv Res 2001;28:1-11.
Bonnie RJ, Reinhard JS, Hamilton P, McGarvey EL. Mental health system transformation after the Virginia Tech tragedy. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2009;28:793-804.
Horwitz AV. Creating mental illness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2002.
Conrad P, Leiter V. The sociology of health & illness: critical perspectives. New York, NY: Worth Publishers; 2013.
Weitz R. The sociology of health, illness, and health care: a critical approach. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning; 2013.
Link B, Phelan J. Evaluating the Fundamental Cause Explanation for Social Disparities in Health. In: Bird C, Conrad P, Freemont A, eds. Handbook of Medical Sociology. 5th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2000:37-59.
DiClemente RJ, Crosby RA, Santelli JS. Adolescent health: understanding and preventing risk behaviors. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass; 2009.
Polgar M, Morrissey JP. Mental health services and systems. In: Aneshensel C, Phelan J, eds. Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health. New York: Plenum Press; 1999:628.
Pescosolido BA, Boyer C. How do people come to use mental health services? In: Horwitz AV, Scheid TL, eds. A Handbook for the Sociology of Mental Health. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1999:392-411.
Goffman E. Asylums: essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine Transaction; 2007.
Gagne C, White W, Anthony WA. Recovery: a common vision for the fields of mental health and addictions. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal 2007;31:32-7.
Pescosolido BA. A fresh look at recovery. Psychiatric services (Washington, DC) 2008;59:5-.
Saleeby D. The Strengths Perspective in Social Work Practice: Extensions and Cautions. Social Work 1996;41:298-305.
Early TJ, GlenMaye, L.F. Valuing Families: Social Work Practice with Families from a Strengths Perspective. Social Work 2000;45:118-30.
McAdoo HP. African-American Families: Strength and Realities. In: McCubbin HI, Thompson EA, Thompson AI, Futrell JA, eds. Resiliency in ethnic minority families: African American Families. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press; 1995:17-30.
Anthony WA. The recovery effect. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal 2004;27:303-4.
Wagner M, Newman L. Longitudinal Transition Outcomes of Youth with Emotional Disturbances. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal 2012;35:199-208.
Settersten RA, Furstenberg FF, Rumbaut RG. On the Frontier of Adulthood. In: Settersten RA, Furstenberg FF, Rumbaut RG, eds. On the frontier of adulthood: theory, research, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2005:3-25.
Shanahan M, Perfeli E, Mortimer J, Erickson L. Subjective Age Identity and the Transition to Adulthood. In: Settersten RA, Furstenberg FF, Rumbaut RG, eds. On the frontier of adulthood: theory, research, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2005:225-55.
Smock PJ. The Wax and Wane of Marriage: Prospects for Marriage in the 21st Century. Journal of Marriage and Family 2004;66:966-73.
Carlson DL. Deviations From Desired Age at Marriage: Mental Health Differences Across Marital Status. Journal of Marriage and Family 2012;74:743-58.
Davis M, Geller JL, Hunt B. Within-state availability of transition-to-adulthood services for youths with serious mental health conditions. Psychiatric services (Washington, DC) 2006;57:1594-9.
Davis M. Addressing the Needs of Youth in Transition to Adulthood. Administration and Policy in Mental Health 2003;30:495-509.
Clark HB, Davis M. Transition to Adulthood: A Resource for Assisting Young People with Emotional or Behavioral Difficulties. Baltimore: Paul Brookes; 2000.
Hovish K, Weaver T, Islam Z, Paul M, Singh SP. Transition Experiences of Mental Health Service Users, Parents, and Professionals in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal 2012;35:251-7.
Levit KR, Kassed CA, Coffey RM, et al. Future funding for mental health and substance abuse: increasing burdens for the public sector. Health affairs (Project Hope) 2008;27:w513-W22.
Costello EJ, He J-p, Sampson NA, Kessler RC, Merikangas KR. Services for adolescents with psychiatric disorders: 12-month data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent. Psychiatric services (Washington, DC) 2014;65:359-66.
Mechanic D. Changing medical organization and the erosion of trust. The Milbank Quarterly 1996;72:171-89.
Pincus HA, Spaeth-Rublee B, Watkins KE. The Case For Measuring Quality In Mental Health And Substance Abuse Care. HEALTH AFFAIRS 2011;30:730-6.
George M, Taylor L, Schmidt SC, Weist MD. A review of school mental health programs in SAMHSA's national registry of evidence-based programs and practices. Psychiatric services (Washington, DC) 2013;64:483-6.
Power AK. Focus on transformation: a public health model of mental health for the 21st century. Psychiatric services (Washington, DC) 2009;60:580.
House JS. Understanding social factors and inequalities in health: 20th century progress and 21st century prospects. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2002;43:125-42.
Pescosolido BA. The Public Stigma of Mental Illness: What Do We Think; What Do We Know; What Can We Prove? Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2013;54:1-21.
Schnittker J, John A. Enduring Stigma: The Long-Term Effects of Incarceration on Health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2007;48:115-30.
Martin JK, Pescosolido BA, Olafsdottir S, McLeod JD. The Construction of Fear: Americans' Preferences for Social Distance from Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Problems. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2007;48:50-67.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Insurance coverage of mental health and substance abuse services for children and adolescents: A consensus statement. Pediatrics 2000;106.
Manderscheid R. Effects of mental health parity. Health affairs 2009;28:1228-.
Khodyakov D, Stockdale S, Jones F, et al. An Exploration of the Effect of Community Engagement in Research on Perceived Outcomes of Partnered Mental Health Services Projects. Society and Mental Health 2011;1:185-99.
Murphey D, Stratford B, Gooze R, et al. Are the Children Well? A Model and Recommendations for Promoting the Mental Wellness of the Nations Young People. Princeton NJ; 2014.
Wang PS, Ulbricht CM, Schoenbaum M. Improving Mental Health Treatments Through Comparative Effectiveness Research. Health Affairs 2009;28:783-91.
Kaplan K, Salzer MS, Brusilovskiy E. Community Participation as a Predictor of Recovery-Oriented Outcomes Among Emerging and Mature Adults with Mental Illnesses. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal 2012;35:219-29.
Burke-Miller J, Razzano LA, Grey DD, Blyler CR, Cook JA. Supported Employment Outcomes for Transition Age Youth and Young Adults. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal 2012;35:171-9.
McKay CE, Osterman R, Shaffer J, Sawyer E, Gerrard E, Olivera N. Adapting Services to Engage Young Adults in ICCD Clubhouses. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal 2012;35:181-8.
Dixon L, McFarlane W, Lefley H, et al. Evidence-Based Practices for Services for Families of People with Psychiatric Disabilities. Psychiatric Services 2001;52:903-10.
Pollio D, North CS, Goster DE. Content and curriculum in Multifamily Psychoeducation. Psychiatric Services 1998;49:816-22.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/imr.v3i2.335
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.