Effects of 17α-ethynylestradiol on the Anatomical Development of Xenopus laevis
Abstract
Xenopus laevis spends its entire life cycle in an aquatic environment. Consequently, it may be exposed to many water-based compounds, be they natural or synthetic. Concern has been rising about the accumulation of hormones and other endocrine disrupting compounds in ground water sources. Environmental exposure to endogenous estrogen, 17β- estradiol (E2), has been shown to affect the behavior, development, body proportions, and onset of ossification of X. laevis tadpoles, and the endocrine disruptor, 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen found in hormone replacement therapies and hormone-based birth controls, is a known water contaminant. In this study, X. laevis tadpoles were chronically exposed to EE2 at two different concentrations, 2.5 nM and 5.0 nM, for 90 days. Animals exposed to EE2 exhibited a decreased startle response compared to control animals. EE2 exposed frogs also had an immature GI tract with more coils present compared to controls. Exposure to EE2 also resulted in an overall proportional increase in body size. The concentration of EE2 in ground water has been found as high as 2.3 µM, a 100-fold greater concentration than what was used to induce the behavioral and anatomical changes observed in the X. laevis tadpoles in this study.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/imr.v3i4.313
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