Evolution of care for local and locoregional colon,rectal and anal cancers in the era of of molecular medicine
Abstract
Colon and rectal cancers are major health problems worldwide. Anal cancer is less common but still a challenging problem. There has been significant recent advancements in the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for colorectal and anal cancers. These improvements include the refinement of surgical and radiation techniques, the use of biomarkers to customize treatment, the recognition that chronological age alone should not affect treatment decisions, and the integration of new cytotoxic and targeted agents. Molecular analysis also now plays a role in prognostication and in decision making regarding use of adjuvant therapy in early stage (specifically, stage II) colon cancer. Current controversial issues and challenges include balancing treatment benefits and risks, developing and applying therapy selection parameters, and refining the management of treatment-related toxicities. Exciting work is ongoing to identify markers that can predict recurrence, such as tumor genetic signatures, and markers to predict response to therapy.
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/imr.v2i9.209
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